How data management differs in file based system approach with that of database management system approach?

file based structure provide only sequential access
DB provide both sequential and random access

DBMS provide following features which are not available in the file based approach

concurrency control
crash recovery
transaction management support
Complex query support
convenient programmatic access to data
DB performance tuning
better security (Part of the DB is not visible to some users eg:-DB Views)
and etc.